Business News
President Donald Trump’s so-called “Liberation Day,” which marked the imposition of tariffs on all U.S. trading partners on Wednesday (April 2), was followed by a bloodbath on Wall Street on Thursday (April 3).
The tech-heavy Nasdaq fell 6.0% while the S&P 500 dropped 4.8% — the largest single-day decline since 2020 for both. The Russell 2000, an index of small-cap companies, dropped 6.6% and entered bear market territory, having lost more than 20% of its value since reaching its all-time high in November.
All music stocks except three K-pop companies suffered losses Thursday, with a handful losing 13% or more of their value and most dropping by mid-single digits. Music is largely a service that operates seamlessly across borders and is mostly immune from the tariffs applied to manufactured goods. But investors clearly expect U.S. consumers to face higher prices and an uncertain labor market, which in turn causes people to reduce their spending on everything from everyday household items to more expensive items such as concert tickets and travel.
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The severity of stock declines varied by industry segment. Companies with high exposure to the U.S. advertising market were hit particularly hard, a reflection of brands’ tendency to reduce their ad spending in times of economic uncertainty. In the radio segment, iHeartMedia shares fell 13.1%, Cumulus Media dropped 10.1% and Townsquare Media sank 6.3%. Satellite radio company SiriusXM lost 5.4%. Music streamer LiveOne, which has both subscription and ad-supported offerings, fell 12.9%. PodcastOne, a podcast company majority owned by LiveOne, dipped 10.3%.
Companies involved in live music also fared poorly. Sphere Entertainment Co. fell 13.9% while sister company MSG Entertainment fell 6.8%. Live Nation dropped 6.4%. Secondary ticket marketplace Vivid Seats fell 9.6% and ticketing company Eventbrite sank 4.7%. Sphere Entertainment’s decline was mirrored in other companies that also rely on travel to Las Vegas: Las Vegas Sands Corp. lost 6.7%, MGM Grand International dipped 9.3%, Caesars Entertainment fell 9.5% and Wynn Resorts dropped 10.6%.
Multi-sector music companies — a combination of mainly recorded music and music publishing — fared relatively well. Universal Music Group lost 1.5%. Warner Music Group dropped just 0.7%. Reservoir Media was down 3.5%.
There was also a clear divide between companies that derive the majority of their income within the U.S. and companies that do not. Live music and ticketing companies based in the U.S. fell an average of 8.3% while German concert promoter CTS Eventim fell just 2.4%. Radio companies and LiveOne, which are more subject to the health of the U.S. advertising market, fared worse than Spotify, which fell just 1.2% despite offering an ad-supported tier in the U.S.
The most valuable American companies suffered huge losses as investors gauged the tariffs’ impact on foreign-manufactured goods. Apple shares dropped 9.3%, wiping out more than $300 billion of market value. Amazon, which does brisk business on items manufactured in Asian countries facing large tariffs, fell 9.0%. Meta, which relies on advertising for nearly all of its revenue, also dropped 9.0%.
Warner Music Group (WMG) and best-selling Warner Records artist Josh Groban were honored on Wednesday (April 2) at the Harmony Program’s annual gala held at The Altman Building in the Flatiron neighborhood of New York City.
The event raised nearly $800,000 to advance the Harmony Program’s mission to bring music education into underserved communities across New York City. Hosted by CBS Mornings Plus’ Adriana Diaz, the event included live performances by Groban and students from the Harmony Program.
Kevin Gore, WMG’s president of global catalog (and a Harmony Program board member) accepted the honor on behalf of WMG, saying, “The Harmony Program’s work isn’t just about expanding access to music education, it’s about harnessing the power of music to encourage collaboration and cultivate community. It’s more important than ever for all of us to ensure that artistic expression continues to flourish freely and that organizations like the Harmony Program continue to thrive, so that they can foster the next generation of leaders, dreamers, and music makers. It’s an honor to be recognized by such an essential and impactful organization in our community.”
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On stage, Groban said, “The work of the Harmony Program is vitally important because it’s changing the mindset of these young people. Arts education, in an ever-divided and cynical world, is what tells us about the beauty of our similarities, but more importantly, about the beauty of our differences. This honor is so special and it means the world to me.”
Groban, 44, is a dedicated arts education philanthropist and advocate. In 2011, he established the Find Your Light Foundation, which helps enrich the lives of young people through arts, education and cultural awareness. He is also a celebrated performer, with five Grammy nominations, two Tony nods and two Primetime Emmy nods.
“Warner Music Group has been an invaluable partner to the Harmony Program and its students for over a decade,” said Anne Fitzgibbon, Harmony Program founder/executive director. “Beyond financial support, they have provided our students with career mentorship, industry internships, and unforgettable, collaborative performances with world-class artists like Joyce DiDonato, Chris Thile, and Josh Groban. They exemplify the power of corporate philanthropy to inspire young people, and by extension, their broader communities.”
The Harmony Program is a non-profit organization that provides children from underserved communities with free instruments, intensive music instruction, orchestral training and access to a variety of cultural experiences. The Harmony Program’s unique model also addresses a shortage of well-trained music teachers by preparing accomplished musicians to teach at public schools and community centers throughout New York City.
While some recent industry statistics show a slowdown in the U.S. streaming market, spending remains quite healthy, according to new figures from market research firm MusicWatch.
Most notably, 50 million more Americans bought recorded music in 2024 than a decade earlier. Products included in that count are on-demand music subscriptions, paid internet radio subscriptions, physical formats such as CDs and LPs, and digital downloads. Some of that increase can be attributed to population growth over the last 10 years. The total U.S. population — including people under 13 and non-internet users who are typically not counted in market research surveys — grew by roughly 19 million over that period. But since the number of music buyers far outstripped population growth, most of the growth came from an increased interest in music products.
By MusicWatch’s estimate, about half of all Americans aged 13 to 70 — 132 million people — paid for a music subscription in 2024, including on-demand music streaming and satellite radio. Recently released RIAA figures put the subscription count at 100 million, which is an average for 2024 (meaning the subscriber count at the end of the year was higher than 100 million). Satellite radio company SiriusXM finished 2024 with 31.6 million self-pay subscribers, according to its latest financial results.
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Not only are more Americans spending money on music, they’re spending more — even after adjusting for inflation. Americans spent $112 per capita on recorded music in 2024, up nearly 10% from $102 in 2023, according to MusicWatch. Back in 2014, per-capita spending was approximately $80, which is about $91 when adjusted for inflation. Taking inflation into account, per-capita spending increased approximately 32% over the past decade.
Live music spending fared even better than recorded music, jumping 17% to $281. Ticket inflation explains some of that increase, but not all — the percentage of people who bought a ticket rose to 56% from 51% in 2023. What’s more, spending on music merchandise such as T-shirts rose 45%.
Over the last decade, streaming turned U.S. recorded music revenue growth positive after an approximately 15-year downslide caused by digital piracy and a shift to selling single-track downloads rather than albums. Digital download sales have declined sharply over the past decade — from $2.3 billion in 2015 to $329 million in 2024, according to the RIAA — and piracy still exists despite the sharp rise in music buyers. MusicWatch found that 14 million Americans admitted to stream ripping music files in 2024. “Music piracy isn’t the scourge it was 20 years ago,” MusicWatch wrote, “but it’s still happening.”
Music piracy isn’t the only old habit that dies hard. While CD sales have fallen 61% over the last decade, 56 million Americans still listen to CDs in the car, and 48 million listen to digital downloads while driving. Both numbers are in decline, MusicWatch notes, “but nevertheless they represent a massive pool of listeners.”
Indie Week has unveiled the keynotes, panels, speakers and topics for its 2025 conference, which is set to run June 9-12 in New York.
This year’s keynotes will come from Cherie Hu, founder of Water & Music, who will discuss the future of indie music tech; Shira Perlmutter, register of copyrights/director of the U.S. Copyright Office; and a yet-to-be-announced representative of Apple Music.
Topics will include the state of the independent music industry, advocacy, artificial intelligence, global opportunities, catalog, culture and wellness, data analytics, distribution, fan engagement, marketing, music journalism in 2025, publishing, sampling, streaming, synch, sustainability, touring/live and more. The conference will also feature workshops from Beatdapp, Spotify, BabyJam, ONErpm, Bandcamp, Chartmetric, Red Bull Records and Continued Legal Education curated by Perkins Coie, LLP.
New to the conference this year is IndieVest, described as “a curated track of programming directly connecting the financial investment sector with the independent music community.” Taking place on Wednesday, June 11, the gathering will offer a meet and greet mixer, a panel featuring thought leaders in music investment, and a pitch competition in partnership with Triple G Ventures through which innovators will present ideas to industry leaders, investors and creators. Confirmed IndieVest judges and panelists will be announced in the coming weeks.
You can find a select rundown below. To check out the full slate of programming and/or purchase a badge, go here.
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A2IM INDIE WEEK 2025 PRELIMINARY KEYNOTES, WORKSHOPS & PANELS
(more to be announced soon)
Keynotes:
Cherie Hu, Founder – Founder of Water & Music – The Future of Indie Music Tech
Shira Perlmutter, Register of Copyrights and Director, U.S. Copyright Office – Details to be announced.
Featured Keynote, Apple Music – Details to be announced.
Workshops:
IndieVest presents The Indie Hustle:Music Innovation Pitch CompetitionMusic Investments 101: Unlocking Capital in the Independent Sector
Continued Legal Education (CLE) curated by Perkins Coie presents:Ethical and Legal Issues in NegotiationEmerging Technology Law Issues Impacting the Music BusinessLabor & Employment in 2025 – Changes with the New AdministrationHot Legal Issues for the Music IndustryMusic Industry M&A: Trends and Key Legal ConsiderationsCybersecurity for Music Companies
Beatdapp presents:Fake Streams, Real Damage: Uncovering Fraudulent Networks and AI’s Role in Streaming FraudBeyond Fraud: How Data Transparency is Reshaping Streaming
Spotify presents:Level Up Your Release Strategy: Spotify’s Tools for Audience Development
BabyJam presents:NORDER : AI as your Manager/Assistant
ONErpm presents:Keeping Indies Independent: How Working with Independent Labels Fuels Innovation and Artist Development
Chartmetric:How Can Independent Artists Discover and Grow Their Audience with the Power of Data
Bandcamp – Details to be announced.Red Bull Records – Details to be announced.
Panel Topics:
What Does Indie Mean Today, and Why Does It Matter?
Dealmaking in the Age of AI: Ensuring Proper Value and Protections for Independent Music
Independent Music’s Top Women, Opening Doors for the Next Generation
Deal or No Deal: Live Contract Negotiation
Mastering Social Media: Sustainable Strategies & Microcontent Management
The State of Indie Music Journalism: Navigating a Shifting Landscape
Breaking Borders: Global Opportunities for Independent Music Publishing
Data Analytics All Stars: Turning Numbers into Music Industry Gold
How the Law Shapes the Future of Independent Music Distribution
A2IM, Celebrating 20 Years, and Looking Ahead to What’s Next
Annual General Meeting
President Donald Trump will hold a Wednesday meeting with aides about possible investors who could buy a stake in TikTok, a deal that could potentially stop the social media site from being banned in the United States.
The details of the meeting were confirmed by a person familiar with the situation who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss internal deliberations.
There has been uncertainty about the popular video app after a law took effect on Jan. 19 requiring its China-based parent, ByteDance, to divest its ownership because of national security concerns. After taking office, Trump gave TikTok a 75-day reprieve by signing an executive order that delayed until April 5 the enforcement of the law requiring a sale or effectively imposing a ban.
Among the possible investors are the software company Oracle and the investment firm Blackstone.
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Likely to attend the Oval Office meeting with Trump on Wednesday are Vice President JD Vance, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, White House national security adviser Mike Waltz and Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard.
CBS News first reported on the meeting.
Talking to reporters Sunday while on Air Force Once, Trump said he would “like to see TikTok remain alive.” He previously indicated that he might consider reducing tariffs against China if the country approves the sale.
During his first term, Trump tried to ban TikTok on national security grounds, which was halted by the courts before his administration negotiated a sale of the platform that eventually failed to materialize. He changed his position on the popular app during last year’s presidential election and has credited the platform with helping him win more young voters.
“I won the young vote by 36 points. Republicans generally don’t do very well with the young vote,” he said Sunday. “I think a lot of it could have been TikTok.”
Trump has said that the deadline on a TikTok deal could be extended further if needed. He previously proposed terms in which the U.S. would have a 50% stake in a joint venture. The administration hasn’t provided details on what that type of deal would entail.
TikTok and ByteDance have not publicly commented on the talks. It’s also unclear if ByteDance has changed its position on selling TikTok, which it said early last year it does not plan to do.
What will happen on April 5?
If TikTok is not sold to an approved buyer by April 5, the original law that bans it nationwide would once again go into effect. However, the deadline for the executive order doesn’t appear to be set in stone and the president has reiterated it could be extended further if needed.
Trump’s order came a few days after the Supreme Court unanimously upheld a federal law that required ByteDance to divest or be banned in January. The day after the ruling, TikTok went dark for U.S. users and came back online after Trump vowed to stall the ban.
The decision to keep TikTok alive through an executive order has received some scrutiny, but it has not faced a legal challenge in court.
Who wants to buy TikTok?
Although it’s unclear if ByteDance plans to sell TikTok, several potential bidders have come forward in the past few months.
Aides for Vice President JD Vance, who was tapped to oversee a potential deal, have reached out to some parties, such as the artificial intelligence startup Perplexity AI, to get additional details about their bids, according to a person familiar with the matter. In January, Perplexity AI presented ByteDance with a merger proposal that would combine Perplexity’s business with TikTok’s U.S. operation.
Other potential bidders include a consortium organized by billionaire businessman Frank McCourt, which recently recruited Reddit co-founder Alexis Ohanian as a strategic adviser. Investors in the consortium say they’ve offered ByteDance $20 billion in cash for TikTok’s U.S. platform. And if successful, they plan to redesign the popular app with blockchain technology they say will provide users with more control over their online data.
Jesse Tinsley, the founder of the payroll firm Employer.com, says he too has organized a consortium, which includes the CEO of the video game platform Roblox, and is offering ByteDance more than $30 billion for TikTok.
Trump said in January that Microsoft was also eyeing the popular app. Other interested parties include Trump’s former Treasury secretary Steve Mnuchin and Rumble, the video site popular with some conservatives and far-right groups. In a post on X last March, Rumble said it was ready to join a consortium of parties interested in purchasing TikTok and serving as a tech partner for the company.
This article was originally published by The Associated Press.
Recording Academy CEO Harvey Mason Jr. sent a letter via email to all Recording Academy members on Wednesday (April 2) sharing a report that the academy created and quietly posted on its website in January. In the report, the academy attempts to quantify its impact and summarize the changes it has made over the five years since Mason stepped into the top job at the organization (initially as interim CEO following the departure of Deborah Dugan).
“While many people know us as just an awards granting institution, we are actually a purpose-driven impact organization serving music makers and aspiring music makers around the world 365 days a year,” Mason wrote in his letter. … “This Grammy Impact 2024 report puts into one place all the ways the Recording Academy positively affected music people last year.”
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In an interview with Billboard, Mason shed further light on his aims with the report, which takes the form of a slick and visually appealing deck brimming with facts and figures. But Mason says the numbers aren’t the point. “To me, the bottom line is that they get a sense that the academy is making a real impact on the lives of music people beyond just giving trophies,” he says. “What I’m trying to do is hopefully build support for the academy, through seeing it maybe through a different lens, rather than just who got snubbed or who won or who didn’t win. That’s the objective of this report.”
Mason has long tried to get people to see the academy as more than just the dispenser of shiny gramophones. “When I took the role, one of my objectives and goals was to heighten the awareness of what happens the other 364 days of the year,” he says. “I did experience a lot of interaction with music people in studios as I was coming up where people just thought of the Grammys as a night to get an award, whereas I was always encouraging them to see the bigger picture; to see all the service work that’s being done; the advocacy, the education, the philanthropy, MusicCares; all the different parts of the academy.
“A lot of people know and love the awards ceremony,” he continues. “I’m thankful for that, but it is a challenge for us as an organization to tell the larger story as to why we exist. [This report is] a new way of positioning the academy. We needed to do a better job of explaining why the academy exists beyond to celebrate one night a year. So, this was an intentional effort for us over the last few years to make sure we’re telling that story in a new way.”
Perhaps the most eye-popping statistic in the deck presentation is one that was already reported in the academy’s 2024 membership report, which was released Oct. 3 and reported in Billboard that same day: That a whopping 66% of current academy voting members have joined since 2019.
“It’s great [in the] sense in that we are continuing to remain relevant,” Mason says, “to attract new music-makers, people who are at the height of their careers, or coming into their careers, and we are moving away from having people who have been members…” Mason pauses and starts anew. “We always want to keep our long-term members, but we want to make sure they’re continuing to qualify as voting members [by being able to show recent credits]. We don’t want people that have had music careers in the 1960s or ’70s still voting on music that maybe they’re not involved in making, so we’re making sure we’re refreshing the membership; making sure the membership’s relevant to professionals in the industry working today.”
The deck also includes the statistic, also first reported in the membership report, that people of color now constitute 38% of the voting membership. “I’m pleased with the progress,” Mason says. “We still feel like we have some room to go. You think about why are these numbers important: Why do you care about changing the make-up of our membership? It’s mostly because we want to make sure our membership reflects the industry.”
Mason says he has no set points in mind as to when the academy will have achieved its membership goals. “We’ll never be done, because these numbers are going to fluctuate,” he says. “They’re going to adjust based on what’s happening in our community, in music; changing based on genre popularity, so we’re going to be in a constant search to perfect our membership. We’re always going to continue to work and tinker with the numbers because we have to remain relevant. I don’t think we’re where we want to be yet. I’m not sure we’ll ever accomplish the perfect membership, but we will continue to [work on it].”
At this year’s Grammy Awards, artists and songwriters of color won three of the four highest-profile awards: album of the year (Beyoncé’s Cowboy Carter) and record and song of the year (Kendrick Lamar’s “Not Like Us”). Does Mason see that as a reflection of the academy’s overhaul of its membership?
“Not necessarily,” Mason says. “I see it as a reflection of the quality of their individual work. I like to think having a relevant membership — regardless of their race — is probably what gives us the best outcomes, but I think those people had amazing years creatively and our voters recognized that.”
The deck also repeats the stat that the Recording Academy has added more than 3,000 women voting members since 2019, surpassing its 2019 goal to add 2,500 women voting members by 2025. Women now make up 28% of the voting membership.
“We really needed to increase the number of women voters,” Mason says. “A great first step is adding 3,000 new members. We’re not [yet] where you want to be.”
The deck also speaks to the academy’s “bold global expansion, working with stakeholders in Africa and the Middle East to help foster the dynamic music markets there.” (The academy first released this information on June 9.)
Asked why that effort is a priority for the U.S.-based academy, Mason replies, “Obviously, a big focus is on our American members, and it will continue to be that. We are an organization that represents music all around the world. If we’re going to do that, we have to have people that represent those genres. It very much can be said in the same way about Latin music: Why do you care about Latin music? Why did you build a Latin Academy? It’s because the music is very popular. It’s a thriving music community and it continues to affect people as they listen to it and consume music, and the same can be said for other parts of the world.
“We are not living in a time when music only comes from American creators,” he continues. “Music is coming from creators all around the planet. As a group that serves music people and hopefully uplifts music people, we want to be able to do that for people regardless of where they’re from. As long as they’re making music, we want to have an impact on those music groups.”
Here’s Mason’s letter to the academy membership in full:
Academy members,
I am writing today to share an exciting report that we recently created. You frequently hear me say that music is a powerful force for good in the world, and that the people who make it deserve an organization dedicated to their well-being. I feel so incredibly privileged to work for the organization that exists to do that.
But our highest purpose isn’t merely to serve music creators, it’s to make a positive impact on their lives and careers. And that’s exactly what we work to do, every single day of the year, through the tireless and amazing effort of our board and our teams.
While many people know us as just an awards granting institution, we are actually a purpose-driven impact organization serving music makers and aspiring music makers around the world 365 days a year. Every piece of legislation we help pass has a tangible impact on the music people we serve. Every event hosted by a chapter or wing, every dollar distributed by MusiCares, every scholarship we provide, and every time we open the Grammy Museum doors to a child, it impacts our music community. And yes, every Grammy nomination and award alters the trajectory of someone’s life and career.
This Grammy Impact 2024 report puts into one place all the ways the Recording Academy positively affected music people last year. As we say in the report, it is the combined work of the more than 300 dedicated employees of the Recording Academy, the Latin Recording Academy, the Grammy Museum, MusiCares, and thousands of music creators who volunteered their time in service to their peers.
Please take a moment to read through the report, and reflect on the ways you and your colleagues personally contributed to these outcomes. I hope you feel a sense of pride and purpose in what was accomplished, and for the role you play every day in serving the music people who rely on us.
Of course, we’re now into 2025, and while we celebrate the achievements of last year, we are also looking ahead to the impact we will make this year and beyond. Grammys on the Hill is right around the corner, the Day that Music Cares is coming soon, and much more awaits us in the months ahead.
Thank you for your ongoing commitment to our work. It is making a lasting impact.Gratefully,Harvey Mason jr.
While some industry observers looking back on 2024 may see a half-empty cup due to slowing music industry revenue growth, a lackluster stock performance from the publicly traded major music companies and slightly declining valuation multiples in private catalog deals, Shot Tower Capital says it sees the “half-full” side of things.
That’s because Shot Tower, the boutique investment banking firm specializing in music asset transactions, says the sector still enjoys plenty of investor interest, adding that the industry is recession-resistant, as proven over time. As a result, it foresees stable valuation multiples.
Even though fewer music asset transactions closed in 2024 than in any year since 2018, some of the transactions for music assets carried valuations larger than $1 billion resulted in the “highest dollar value year for music M&A transactions in the post-streaming era,” according to Shot Tower’s annual Year in Review and Music Industry Outlook report. In 2024, transactions with an aggregate dollar value in excess of $8 billion have closed, according to the Baltimore-based firm.
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Moreover, Shot Tower notes that while some institutional investors like KKR, Vine Alternative Investments and Elliot Management have exited the music asset space, other private equity groups have entered it or increased their investments in the sector, including Hellman & Friedman, which bought a majority stake in Global Music Rights; New Mountain Capital, which acquired BMI; and Flexpoint Ford, which launched
in the music space with an investment in Nettwerk Music Group in March 2023 and has since invested in Create Music Group, Goldstate Music and Duetti.
Finally, while interest rates now offer competitive returns on music assets, thus negating somewhat the attractiveness of some music assets while making potential deals more expensive to finance, that has been offset by the breakout of asset-backed securitization, which allows buyers to finance deals at rates more favorable than rates offered by bank lenders.
During the last 18 months, Shot Tower has been either the financial advisor or sell-side advisor in transactions that included the sale of 50% of Michael Jackson music assets to Sony Music Group; the sale of a majority interest in Mavin Records to Universal Music Group; and the sale of the Hipgnosis Songs Fund to Blackstone. And those are just the publicly disclosed deals; the company declines to say how many deals it participated in last year.
Shot Tower compiled data on some 25 publicly known and privately sold music asset transactions during 2024, including deals it advised on and other deals it was aware of, even if it wasn’t a participant. From that, it reports that typical music publishing multiples averaged 16.1 times net publisher share (NPS) in 2024 versus 16.7 times in 2023.
However, if iconic transactions — assets with valuations over $200 million — are included, then average multiples are larger but nevertheless also declined from 2023’s 18.4 times NPS to 17.5 times NPS in 2024.
(How are multiples figured? If a song catalog collects $25 million in revenue and, after paying out royalties of $15 million, leaves $10 million in net publisher share, or NPS; and if that catalog is then sold for $200 million, that means the transaction carried a 20 times NPS multiple.)
Recorded music multiples also declined last year. Net label share (NLS) fell to a 13 times multiple for music asset transactions — excluding deals of iconic assets — from the prior year’s 13.8 times NLS multiple. If iconic transactions are included, then the average multiple in 2024 was 14.2 times NLS versus 15.2 times NLS in 2023.
Looking at multiples over time, Shot Tower says that the peak year for average music publishing multiples was 2021, when 19.4 times, including iconic transactions, was the average multiple; while the peak year for recorded music transitions was 2022, when the average multiple for deals including iconic catalogs was 16.3 times. NLS generally trails NPS, but overall, the window between the two multiples is narrowing slightly.
In most years between 2014 and 2022, the multiple spread between music publishing and recorded music catalogs was bigger by a factor of 4 in favor of NPS. For example, in 2014, NPS averaged a 12.5 times multiple while NLS averaged an 8.5 times multiple. But in the last two years, that window has narrowed to a factor of three, with last year’s NPS coming in at 16.1 versus NLS at 13.0; while in 2023, NPS averaged a 16.7 times multiple while NLS averaged a 13.8 times multiple.
Shot Tower attributes the valuation gap between recorded music and music publishing to a number of factors. For one, marketing costs to exploit recorded music are much higher. Music publishing also has more diversified income streams than recorded music. Additionally, music publishing growth slightly exceeds recorded music growth, according to Shot Tower’s analysis.
Looking forward, Shot Tower says it expects music publishing valuation multiples to decline slightly to about a 15.1 times multiple in 2028 from 2024’s 16.1 times average multiple, while it expects recorded music average multiples for valuations will decline to an average of a 12 times multiple from 2024’s average of a 13 times multiple.
One of the reasons Shot Tower thinks institutional investors will remain interested in investing in music assets is because of the increasingly popular use of asset-backed securitization (ABS) to finance deals due to “stable royalty income streams.” According to Shot Tower’s analysis, a buyer using asset-backed securitization can pay about 10% higher than a bank-financed buyer while achieving the same equity return. ABS deals also allow for a greater ratio of debt to equity (up to 65% leverage) than deals financed using bank financing (55% leverage).
Consequently, “this represents a meaningful offset to rising interest rates,” the report notes.
Latin music continued its extraordinary rise in the U.S. in 2024, hitting a record-breaking $1.4 billion in revenue, according to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Adjusted for inflation, this milestone represents an 18% increase over the genre’s previous peak in 2005 and marks the third consecutive year surpassing $1 billion.
Streaming remained the lifeblood of Latin music’s success, accounting for a staggering 98% of total revenue in 2024. Paid subscription services contributed more than two-thirds of those earnings, growing 6% year-over-year to $967 million. Meanwhile, ad-supported on-demand streaming platforms like YouTube, Vevo and the free tier of Spotify amassed $354 million, nearly 25% of the genre’s total value — an outsized share compared to the overall market’s 10% in this area, according to the annual report.
“I’m heartened by the continued explosive popularity of Latin music across the U.S. as artists and labels forge new ways to connect with fans,” says Rafael Fernandez Jr., RIAA’s svp of state public policy & Latin music, in a press release. “With streaming delivering 98% of Latin revenues, we can see how the Latin music community’s embrace of innovation lets traditional stars and new generations reach fans like never before — breaking language and access barriers to more boldly shape America’s music future every year.”
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Powering this dominance is a lineup of global superstars driving engagement across platforms. According to Billboard’s year-end Top Latin Artists chart of 2024, Bad Bunny claimed the No. 1 spot for a sixth consecutive year. Meanwhile, Fuerza Regida surged to second place following a string of album and EP releases that resonated with fans across the U.S. Karol G held her own as the only female in the top 10, at No. 4, while Peso Pluma came in at No. 3 — artists who are blazing new trails and cementing Latin music’s cultural and commercial growth.
Courtesy Photo
While streaming dominates, physical formats also experienced a surprising resurgence, with revenues up 35% from 2022. Despite still accounting for only 1% of overall U.S. Latin music income, this trend indicates opportunities to cater to collectors and superfans through vinyl and other tangible releases.
“There are still more opportunities to push the bounds of innovation, engaging superfans, expanding paid streaming and introducing vinyl nostalgia to this specific market,” adds Matthew Bass, RIAA’s vp of research and gold & platinum operations, in a press release. “After nearly a decade rising and rising again, Latin music keeps surging across the US and is only getting started!”
According to IFPI’s recent Global Music Report, Latin America has experienced a 15-year growth streak, becoming one of the fastest-growing regions in the world. For the first time, Mexico has entered the top 10 global music markets, overtaking Australia for the No. 10 spot. Meanwhile, Brazil holds steady at No. 9, making 2024 the first year that two Latin American countries have appeared in IFPI’s top 10 rankings, which are based on recorded music revenue.
Courtesy Photo
Pophouse Entertainment, the Swedish catalog company behind the virtual live show ABBA Voyage, said on Monday it raised a total of 1.2 billion euros ($1.3 billion) to invest in acquiring catalogs and entertainment experiences around those music rights.
The fundraise consists of 1 billion euros raised through a private equity fund, and 200 million euros ($216 million) raised through dedicated co-investment vehicles, where outside investors put money to work alongside the Fund in certain transactions. Roughly 30% of the fund has already been deployed into partnerships related to the acquisition of rights to songs by KISS, Cyndi Lauper, Avicii and Swedish House Mafia.
Founded by by ABBA member Björn Ulvaeus and Conni Jonsson, of the Swedish global investment firm EQT AB, Pophouse has been acquiring the publishing, recording and name, image and likeness rights to iconic pop catalogs and then building entertainment experiences around them, through theatrical and virtual shows, museums and movies.
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Pophouse’s playbook has been at work through productions like The Avicii Experience, a tribute museum to the late dance music producer that opened in his hometown of Stockholm, Sweden, in 2021; Mamma Mia! The Party, an interactive dinner party set in London theater modeled after a taverna from the Greek island of Skopelos; ABBA Voyage, the band’s wildly successful virtual show that uses ABBA-tars to digitally depict the foursome as they looked in 1979, and ABBA The Museum, which opened in 2013.
KISS, which sold its name and likeness rights to Pophouse, has hinted that a virtual performance of its songs could launch in Las Vegas in 2027.
“By investing across publishing, recording, and brand rights, Pophouse has created a uniquely attractive prospect not only for investors but also for artists, empowering them to explore and amplify their legacy to new generations of fans,” Pophouse managing partner Johan Lagerlöf, said in a statement.
Pophouse’s CEO is Per Sundin, the first music industry label executive to partner with Spotify when he at Universal Music Sweden and president of the labe’s Nordic region business. Jonsson recruiting Sundin to helm Pophouse with the intention of taking advantage of the external business opportunities music rights present in the streaming era.
“Facing unprecedented disruption caused by streaming and technology, music intellectual property presents a differentiated, lifetime opportunity for investors,” Jonsson said in a statement. “We are reshaping the entertainment industry by applying an active, value-add approach that unlocks future generations for fandom.”
Berlin-based music company BMG reported on Monday (March 31) that it generated 963 million euros ($1 billion USD) in revenue over the course of 2024, marking a 6.4% increase from the year-ago period, thanks to a double-digit jump in digital income streams a strong slate of major releases. The performance amounted to 8.1% in organic growth, the company said.
Digital revenue, which now accounts for 68% of BMG’s overall revenue, rose 16% in 2024, as BMG continues to see the fruits of moving oversight of its digital distribution business from WMG’s ADA to in-house in late 2023.
Operating earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) adjusted — BMG’s preferred metric for profit — rose 37% to 264 million euros ($274.2 million, based on the foreign exchange rate as of Dec. 31, 2024) compared to last year’s 194 million euros ($214 million, based on 2023’s year-end exchange rate).
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BMG CEO Thomas Coesfeld credited the “BMG Next” strategy — a localized yet globally scalable approach — for being pivotal in the company’s success in 2024, highlighting improvements in go-to-market strategies, digital distribution catalog acquisitions and technology. The company made significant changes to its global distribution strategy, including direct licensing agreements with Spotify and Apple Music and transitioning physical distribution management to Universal Music Group. BMG also invested around half a billion euros in catalog acquisitions — it counts 24 for the year — and signings, strengthening its rights portfolio through investment initiatives.
“Our BMG Next strategy has been instrumental in driving a successful 2024 with a step-change performance in a fast-evolving music market,” he said. “Building on the strong performance of our artists and songwriters, ongoing go-to-market improvements, such as insourcing digital distribution, and continued high investment into our people, catalog acquisitions and technology development, we achieved an incredible 2024.”
Notable successes in the recorded music sector included releases from George Harrison, Kylie Minogue, Bryan Ferry, Lainey Wilson, Sum 41, Travis, Crowded House, Rita Ora and others. The company signed new label deals with Blake Shelton, Mustard, YG, New Kids on the Block and K. Michelle, among others.
In music publishing, BMG songwriters such as Bruno Mars, D’Mile, Steve Miller, Trevor Horn, The-Dream, Roselilah and others achieved chart success, with contributions to major hits like Eminem’s “Houdini,” Beyoncé’s Cowboy Carter album, Kendrick Lamar and SZA’s “Luther” and Mars and Lady Gaga’s Hot 100 chart-topper “Die With a Smile.” BMG also signed or extended publishing agreements with artists, including Carly Pearce, KT Tunstall and Tyron Hapi, among others, and secured publishing agreements with Tomorrowland Music and Cirque du Soleil.
The company’s catalog division saw continued growth, with Mötley Crüe’s remastered ripper from 1989, Dr. Feelgood, driving a 10% increase in global streams and Australian garage rockers Jet (“Are You Gonna Be My Girl”) achieving milestones on streaming while selling out anniversary shows. Sync licensing also played a crucial role, securing placements in advertisements, trailers and TV series for artists like Lenny Kravitz, Jennifer Lopez, George Harrison, Pitbull and Rita Ora.
Here are some of BMG’s 2024 highlights:
Operating EBITDA adjusted jumped 37% to 264 million euros ($274 million) from the previous year of 194 million euros ($214 million).
EBITDA margin was 28% compared to the previous year of 21.4%.
BMG said it made 24 catalog acquisitions in 2024, compared to 30 the year before.