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Indian bassist Mohini Dey, who just performed at Billboard Live Tokyo and Osaka, spoke with Billboard Japan for its Women in Music interview series featuring female players in the entertainment industry. The WIM initiative in Japan began in 2022 in the same spirit as Billboard’s Women in Music that launched in 2007, honoring artists, producers and executives who have made significant contributions to the music industry and empowered women through their work.

Dey, known for her technical brilliance, has worked with veteran artists such as Quincy Jones, Steve Vai, Mike Stern and Simon Phillips, as well as toured with Willow and Japanese rock legends B’z. Described as the “Most Successful Musician Under 30” by Forbes India, the bass virtuoso shared (via an email interview) her experience working in the male-dominated industry in her home county and her hopes to bring positive change.

Growing up, who were some women you looked up to? Who were some of your female role models?

My mother was my first role model as she is a singer and worked professionally in my early years. There are several women I looked up to such as Carole King, Carole Kaye, Joni Mitchell and Sheila E., as they all made a huge difference in the music industry.

My original dream was to become a fashion designer. It was actually my dad who forced me in a way to practice after he released that music was my true talent. Music has always been the only option in my family. What’s amazing about life is that now, I design most of my stage outfits and so I have been able to live my childhood dream as a fashion designer as well as my father’s dream for me as a professional bassist.

According to the Global Gender Gap Report 2024 by the World Economic Forum, India ranked 129th, Japan ranked 118th out of 146 countries. Since Indian culture is much more conservative than Western culture, were there any cultural differences regarding gender you were surprised by as you started to play outside of your home country?

Yes, playing outside of India exposed me to various cultural differences regarding gender. In many Western countries, I noticed a more progressive attitude towards women in music. There was a greater acceptance and support for female musicians, which was refreshing. However, this also highlighted the conservatism in Indian culture, where women are often expected to conform to traditional roles. It was surprising but also motivating to see the potential for change and how different cultures are tackling gender issues in music. That being said I always like to reinforce the truth that there was an army of progressive and forward-thinking men who have helped me achieve the heights that I am at today: most of them being Indian men. There are forward thinking people in every culture, it just is a challenge to find them. I am proud to say men like Ranjit Barot and my father, Sujay Dey, were more progressive in their thinking than the average person in my country

Through talking to female Japanese artists for this interview series, an issue that often arose was how they were hesitant to speak out on social issues including gender, because of backlash or this thinking that art and politics shouldn’t mingle. Is this the case in India too?

This is quite prevalent in India as well. Many artists, including women, are hesitant to speak out on social issues due to fear of backlash. There is a strong belief that art and politics should remain separate, which can stifle important conversations. However, I believe that art is a powerful medium for change, and we should use our platforms to address and challenge societal issues, including gender. My hope is to create and maintain respect with political leaders so that we can affect positive change in our cultures. We should aspire to bring back the best of other cultures into our home.

How has being a woman affected your career?

Being a woman in the music industry comes with its unique challenges and advantages. On one hand, I’ve faced skepticism and bias simply because of my gender. On the other hand, being a woman has also set me apart and brought a unique perspective to my music. It has made me more resilient and determined to break barriers. Ultimately, I believe my gender has enriched my journey, making me a stronger and more empathetic musician.

Have you personally encountered gender bias or sexism in your career? What are some of the biggest challenges Indian female artists or creatives face?

Indian female artists face numerous challenges, including societal expectations, lack of representation, and limited opportunities. There is a significant gender disparity in various genres, with women often being underrepresented in Indian classical, rock, and even mainstream music. Additionally, societal pressures to conform to traditional roles and the lack of support for women pursuing creative careers add to the difficulties. Breaking these barriers requires continuous effort, support from the community, and systemic changes in the industry.

I have largely broken out of that gender bias by making myself as different from everyone else in the Indian music industry as possible. No one else sounds like I do on the bass and that was a very intentional thing. I tell students when I do masterclasses that regardless of male or female, old or young, a person needs to make themselves undeniable. That is to say that someone has practiced their craft so much and accepted exactly who they are and what they are trying to do. Once your confidence and skill are at a high level, opportunities will create themselves.

I would also argue that India didn’t fully embrace me until I started achieving success outside of the country. Growing my audiences in the USA, Japan and Europe inevitably showed my Indian audience the caliber at which I am able to operate. Since then, I have been given far more opportunities in my home country with a much greater degree of respect.

The touring scene, in which you’ve spent quite a lot of time during your career, has been predominantly male dominated. Although there has been some progress, it can still be hard for women to get their voices heard. What still needs to be done to make it even more inclusive and diverse?

I think that it starts in the home. Families need to encourage their daughters to pursue music. This will increase the number of female music students of which a percentage will enter the music industry. This is a numbers problem as more boys in India study music than girls. I think we also need more prominent female musicians to encourage young students to be competitive with the boys and not fear being better than them. Some girls in school want the boys to like them and so they don’t want to show off or upstage the boys. This mentality needs to be eradicated completely. Girls are powerful and should be treated as such.

On the industry side, I have been seeing a lot of improvement regarding women having opportunities especially on stage. One massive area where I would like to see improvement is the presence of female producers, film composers and mix/master engineers. These fields are predominantly male occupied.

Another challenge women in music face is restarting their career after prolonged leave of absence, whether it’s maternity leave or for personal reasons. Are there any support systems or safeguards you wish were in place so that female artists can enjoy lengthy careers?

While I can’t personally speak to this point as I don’t have children, I understand why it is important. I first would reach out to women globally and implore them to become a leader of a band, write your own music, own your brand, or own your company. If you spend your time as a side musician only, eventually your gig will go away because your name isn’t on the bill. So there is an accountability aspect that while everyone should play gigs for other artists, every other waking moment should be spent making your profile as big as possible. When the moment comes to transition to a solo career, go all in.

Regarding maternity leave, yes, this is a tough situation. I think it probably needs to be a political decision and that subsidies would need to be provided for the government in a social program.

On Billboard Japan’s 2023 Hot 100 year-end charts, 64 songs were by men, 19 were by women, 16 were by mixed-gender duos or groups and one song was by an artist who hasn’t disclosed their gender. What are your thoughts on these results, and would you say the situation is similar in India?

I would say that the percentage is similar if not more male and less female in India. There are many female artists but most of those artists do not write their own music and most of the songwriters, composers, producers and arrangers are male.

In India, the music industry is dominated by Bollywood cinema. Most of the directors are male and as a result most of the directors have historically hired male music directors who hire male arrangers, engineers and on and on. The only one who is female is possibly the singer and maybe a fraction of the instrumentalists who may work on the project.

To change the industry, we need more female representation in the entire entertainment world from cinema, art, music, graphic design, animation and more.

In the last 20 years in Europe and the U.S., more opportunities have been given to women, LBGBTQ+ persons, as well as other races besides the majority race in film and music. This was because there was an audience that demanded something different, and the companies had to invest in products that would give the audience what they wanted.

If audiences in Japan and India speak up and say that they want more female representation in film and music, the companies will deliver. So, I see this happening at a grassroots, political level.

As a role model yourself, is there any advice you’d like to have given yourself at the start of your career?

If I could give advice to my younger self, it would be to trust your instincts and stay true to your passion. The journey won’t be easy, and there will be challenges, but perseverance and dedication will lead you to your goals. Surround yourself with supportive people who believe in you and your talent. Don’t be afraid to take risks and embrace your uniqueness. Your voice and your music matter, and they can inspire others.